Types of Linking Words & Their Functions

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Ahmed Abdirahman

10/1/20251 min read

Cohesive devices, also known as linking words or transition words, are essential in making writing and speaking coherent. Without them, ideas may seem disconnected or random. In the IELTS exam, both writing and speaking are scored partly on “coherence and cohesion,” which means examiners look at how well candidates connect their ideas (English Study Online, 2023).

The Role of Linking Words

Linking words serve as bridges between sentences and ideas. They indicate relationships such as addition, contrast, cause and effect, or sequence. For instance, in an essay about education, a candidate could say: “Education provides knowledge. Moreover, it shapes character.” The word “moreover” signals that the second idea adds to the first.

Main Categories of Linking Words

  1. Addition – words like also, moreover, furthermore add more ideas.
    Example: “The government invests in education. Furthermore, it builds new schools.”

  2. Contrast – however, although, on the other hand show differences.
    Example: “Some people like online learning. However, others prefer classrooms.”

  3. Cause/Effect – because, therefore, thus, consequently link reasons to results.
    Example: “He worked hard; therefore, he passed.”

  4. Sequence/Order – first, next, finally show the order of steps.
    Example: “First, brainstorm ideas. Then, write the introduction.”

  5. Reason – since, as, due to explain why something happens.
    Example: “Since it rained, the game was canceled.”

  6. Condition – if, unless, provided that express situations.
    Example: “If you study, you will succeed.”

  7. Conclusion – in conclusion, overall, to sum up bring closure.
    Example: “In conclusion, health is vital for happiness.”

Types of Conjunctions

  • Coordinating conjunctions: connect equal ideas (and, but, or).

  • Subordinating conjunctions: connect dependent ideas (although, because).

  • Correlative conjunctions: paired connectors (either…or, not only…but also).

Importance in IELTS

Using these categories correctly helps candidates achieve higher band scores. However, it is important to avoid overusing them. For example, starting every sentence with “moreover” will look mechanical. Instead, a good balance should be maintained (7ESL, 2024).

In summary, cohesive devices are powerful tools to connect ideas, but their effectiveness depends on variety and accuracy. Candidates who understand categories and functions will make their writing and speaking smoother, clearer, and more academic.

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